Plastics - Revision history

Dian: /* What is the carbon footprint of plastics? */

2023-02-14T13:40:33Z

What is the carbon footprint of plastics?

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	== What is the carbon footprint of plastics? ==		== What is the carbon footprint of plastics? ==
	Throughout their lifecycle, plastics have a significant carbon footprint and emit 3.4% of global ~~greenhouse~~ gas ~~emissions~~. In 2019, plastics generated 1.8 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – 3.4% of global emissions – with 90% of these emissions coming from their production and conversion from fossil fuels. By 2060, emissions from the plastics lifecycle are set to more than double, reaching 4.3 billion tonnes of GHG emissions.		Throughout their lifecycle, plastics have a significant carbon footprint and emit 3.4% of global [[Greenhouse gas emission]]. In 2019, plastics generated 1.8 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – 3.4% of global emissions – with 90% of these emissions coming from their production and conversion from fossil fuels. By 2060, emissions from the plastics lifecycle are set to more than double, reaching 4.3 billion tonnes of GHG emissions.

	Furthermore, airborne microplastics have been found in remote regions, including the Arctic, where they may contribute to accelerated warming through absorbing light and decreasing the surface albedo of snow.		Furthermore, airborne microplastics have been found in remote regions, including the Arctic, where they may contribute to accelerated warming through absorbing light and decreasing the surface albedo of snow.

Dian: /* Degradability */

2023-02-08T12:38:07Z

Degradability

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	===Compostable===		===Compostable===
	Compostable plastics can be broken down by microorganisms just like biodegradable plastics, but they will decompose into nutrient-rich biomass often in as little as three months, leaving behind no toxins or residue. Some compostable plastics can be composed naturally in home gardens while others may require the high temperatures of a specialized composting facility.		Compostable plastics can be broken down by microorganisms just like biodegradable plastics, but they will decompose into nutrient-rich biomass often in as little as three months, leaving behind no toxins or residue. Some compostable plastics can be composed naturally in home gardens while others may require the high temperatures of a specialized composting facility.

			Biodegrading, composting or recycling by melting the plastic al release carbon dioxide. When enzymes of bacteria for example can break the polymer into monomers carbon dioxide always gets released. Meaning that if al the plastic in the world would biodegrade we still have a [Greenhouse gas] Emission problem.

	== Goodness DataPoints related to Plastic usage: ==		== Goodness DataPoints related to Plastic usage: ==

Hans.de.Gier: /* Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics */

2022-12-07T11:24:44Z

Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics

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	* Decomposition of plastics: Pollution		* Decomposition of plastics: Pollution
	* Recycling		* Recycling
			* [[Single use plastics]]

	== What is plastic leakage? ==		== What is plastic leakage? ==

Hans.de.Gier: /* What type of plastics are there? */

2022-12-07T10:10:50Z

What type of plastics are there?

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	These can be divided into three types of plastics:		These can be divided into three types of plastics:
	# '''Thermoplastics''', synthetic polymers formed from linearly linked monomers; these are materials that are liquefied by exposure to pressure and/or heat and then pressed into a mold. Thermoplastics can be recycled several times.		# '''Thermoplastics''', synthetic polymers formed from linearly linked monomers; these are materials that are liquefied by exposure to pressure and/or heat and then pressed into a mold. Thermoplastics can be recycled several times.
	#Thermosets		#'''Thermosets''', materials that will undergo or have undergone a chemical reaction (hardening) by the action of heat, catalyst, pressure, ultraviolet light. Thermosetting plastics, such as phenol-formaldehyde, cannot be remoulded.
	#Elastomers		#'''Elastomers''', As a polymer, elastomers fall into a group of pliable polymeric, or plastic, material that includes artificial and natural rubber. They are good for molding, insulating, can withstand deformation and are formed easily into an assortment of rubbery shapes that are then hardened.

	==Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics==		==Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics==

Hans.de.Gier: /* What type of plastics are there? */

2022-12-07T10:06:17Z

What type of plastics are there?

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 7 December 2022
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	#Elastomers		#Elastomers

	Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics		==Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics==
	* Microplastics		* Microplastics: Pollution and Health
	* Decomposition of plastics		* Decomposition of plastics: Pollution
	* Recycling		* Recycling

Hans.de.Gier at 10:05, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T10:05:07Z

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	Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Plastic is a very useful material for getting our products to consumers safely and efficiently. It’s often the lowest carbon footprint option compared to other materials. However, plastic is ending up in our environment. This has to stop.		Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Plastic is a very useful material for getting our products to consumers safely and efficiently. It’s often the lowest carbon footprint option compared to other materials. However, plastic is ending up in our environment. This has to stop.

			==What type of plastics are there?==
			Plastic is a polymer material that is made up of large molecules, which are created by synthesis (a reaction that creates a new substance) from natural raw materials.
			These can be divided into three types of plastics:
			# '''Thermoplastics''', synthetic polymers formed from linearly linked monomers; these are materials that are liquefied by exposure to pressure and/or heat and then pressed into a mold. Thermoplastics can be recycled several times.
			#Thermosets
			#Elastomers

	Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics		Good for Planet & Wellbeing topics related to plastics

Hans.de.Gier at 09:09, 7 December 2022

2022-12-07T09:09:18Z

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	* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/petroleum-based-polymer#:~:text=Synthetic%20polymers%20like%20polyethylene%20(PE,from%20petroleum%20hydrocarbons%20%5B1%5D. Petroleum based polymers]		* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/petroleum-based-polymer#:~:text=Synthetic%20polymers%20like%20polyethylene%20(PE,from%20petroleum%20hydrocarbons%20%5B1%5D. Petroleum based polymers]
	* [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic bioplastics]		* [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioplastic bioplastics]

			[[category:pollution]]

Dian: /* What are nurdles? */

2022-11-30T08:48:12Z

What are nurdles?

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	==Nurdles==		==Nurdles==
	=== What are nurdles? ===		=== What are nurdles? ===
	Nurdles are also called preproduction plastic pallets. Nurdles are very small (about 5 mm) and are used for the production and manufacturing of plastics. ~~Nurdles are made~~ of ~~plastic~~ or other synthetic resins. Nurdles are microplastics and ~~are~~ thermoplastics, which means they can always be recycled. ~~Nurdles are the building block used for~~ packaging and products that are being used in ~~the~~ everyday life~~. Such~~ as water bottles, containers and bags.		Nurdles are also called preproduction plastic pallets. Nurdles are very small (about 5 mm) and are used for the production and manufacturing of plastics. They consist of plastics or other synthetic resins. Nurdles are microplastics and thermoplastics, which means they can always be recycled. For packaging and products that are being used in everyday life such as water bottles, containers and bags, nurdles are the building block such as water bottles, containers and bags.

	===Why are nurdles bad for the environment? ===		===Why are nurdles bad for the environment? ===

Dian at 08:43, 30 November 2022

2022-11-30T08:43:15Z

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	Plastic leakage is altering marine and terrestrial ecosystems, whilst also posing substantial risks to human livelihoods that depend on the integrity of such environments, such as tourism and fishing. In 2019 alone, 6.1 Mt of plastic waste leaked into rivers, lakes and the ocean. As the bulk of plastics reach the ocean through rivers via a slow process that can take years or even decades, 109 Mt of plastics are estimated to have accumulated in rivers globally by 2019, with 1.7 Mt flowing into the ocean in 2019. While inflow estimates are lower than earlier studies that do not account for the residence time of leaked plastics in rivers, the amount is still alarming. With increasing plastics use and waste, the stock of plastics accumulating in aquatic environments is projected to more than triple from 140 Mt in 2019 to 493 Mt in 2060.		Plastic leakage is altering marine and terrestrial ecosystems, whilst also posing substantial risks to human livelihoods that depend on the integrity of such environments, such as tourism and fishing. In 2019 alone, 6.1 Mt of plastic waste leaked into rivers, lakes and the ocean. As the bulk of plastics reach the ocean through rivers via a slow process that can take years or even decades, 109 Mt of plastics are estimated to have accumulated in rivers globally by 2019, with 1.7 Mt flowing into the ocean in 2019. While inflow estimates are lower than earlier studies that do not account for the residence time of leaked plastics in rivers, the amount is still alarming. With increasing plastics use and waste, the stock of plastics accumulating in aquatic environments is projected to more than triple from 140 Mt in 2019 to 493 Mt in 2060.

	Cleaning up the plastics from the ocean will become more and more difficult each year. The plastic particles will become tinier and almost impossible to detect and clean. Because it becomes more difficult to take plastic out of the ocean, it will also become more costly~~. It~~ will also become a bigger threath to human health and our watersources.		Cleaning up the plastics from the ocean will become more and more difficult each year. The plastic particles will become tinier and almost impossible to detect and clean. Because it becomes more difficult to take plastic out of the ocean, it will also become more costly and it will also become a bigger threath to human health and our watersources.

	==Nurdles==		==Nurdles==

Dian: /* primary and secondary plastics */

2022-10-25T10:49:48Z

primary and secondary plastics

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	plastic objects with a size between 1 nm and 1 µm. Nanoplastics can be so incredibly small that are difficult to detect with a microscope.		plastic objects with a size between 1 nm and 1 µm. Nanoplastics can be so incredibly small that are difficult to detect with a microscope.

	=== ~~primary~~ and secondary plastics ===		=== Primary and secondary plastics ===
	* Primary plastics: Plastics that are produced in the size that they were found.		* Primary plastics: Plastics that are produced in the size that they were found.
	* Secondary plastics: Plastics that have become that size because of degradation of a larger plastics object.		* Secondary plastics: Plastics that have become that size because of degradation of a larger plastics object.