Goodness Community - User contributions [en]

Land pollution

2023-02-16T09:46:07Z

Dian:

Land pollution is one of the three types of [[Pollution]]
==Causes of Land pollution==
* [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste |Litter and waste]]
* [[Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction |Urbanisation and construction]]
* [[Land pollution: Mining and Extraction | Mining and extraction]]
* [[Land pollution: Agriculture | Agriculture]]

== Effects of Land pollution==
* Contamination of drinking water
* Polluted soil which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a reduction in the availability of food
* [[Climate change]], which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flash floods and irregular rainfalls
* The endangerment and extinction of species in wildlife
* Habitat destruction
* Habitat shifting: Animals are forced to flee
* Increase in wildfires because polluted areas are becoming very dry
* Increased air pollution due to burning waste
* Increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain and cause health issues
* Increased human health issues including cancer, respiratory illnesses and congenital disabilities caused by (over)exposure to harmful chemicals.

==Sources==
* [https://www.texasdisposal.com/blog/land-pollution/#:~:text=The%20Main%20Causes%20of%20Land,mining%2C%20extraction%2C%20and%20agriculture. texasdisposal about 4 causes and effects of land pollution]
* [https://eartheclipse.com/environment/types-solutions-land-pollution.html Eartheclipse about land pollution]
[[category:pollution]]
[[category:plastics]]

Cigarette as Litter

2023-02-16T09:44:25Z

Dian:

Cigarretes butts are a type of [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste| Litter]] that causes [[Land pollution]]

==Cigarretes Litter and environment==
Cigarette butts getting littered almost everywhere and are also almost found everywhere. Cigarettes are the most littered item on earth. Worldwide, about 4,5 trillion cigarettes are littered each year. Cigarettes make up more than one-third of all collected litter. Disposing of cigarettes on the ground or out of a car is very common and 75% of all smokers report doing it. It is more socially excepted to litter cigarettes than it is to litter plastic even though cigarettes have massive impacts on the environment for multiple reasons.

== The toxicity of cigarettes==
Cigarettes leach toxic chemicals such as arsenic which is also used to kill rats and lead which is known for its toxicity into the environment this contaminates the water. The toxic exposure can poison fish as well as animals who eat cigarette butts thinking it is food. The filter of a cigarette is made of 98% [[Plastics| Plastic]] fibres that are tightly packed together. These plastic fibres are non-biodegradable meaning they won't organically break down from living organisms. Although cigarettes do not biodegrade they can gradually decompose depending on environmental conditions like rain and sun. A study found that a cigarette butt was only about 38% decomposed after two years. This leads to more [[Plastics| Microplastics]] in the environment and eventually in our drinking water and food.

==Source==
* [https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/harmful-effects-tobacco/5-ways-cigarette-litter-impacts-environment Truth initiative about cigarette litter]

Economic sustainability

2023-02-16T09:40:11Z

Dian:

Economic sustainability is one of the three types of [[Main Page| Sustainability]]
==Economis sustainability==
Economic sustainability is a broad set of decision-making principles and business practices aimed at achieving economic growth without engaging in the harmful environmental trade-offs that historically company growth. Ideally, sustainable developments create operational systems that consume natural capital (also known as natural resources) slowly enough that future generations can also use those resources. Sustainable practices can tackle the problem of humans' collective ecological footprint in several ways. They can focus on reducing the depletion of the natural environment or come at the issue from the other direction by finding ways to reduce waste, limit carbon emissions and utilize solar energy. The unifying principle behind economic sustainability is rejecting wasteful short-term processes and embracing the planet's long-term well-being.

==Why is economic sustainability important?==
# The longevity of the global economy: The worldwide reliance on unsustainable practices has a necessary date since the planet's natural resources are not infinite. Developing new processes and investing in different resources is essential for any commercial activity to continue for the long haul
# The preservation of human life

==Types of Economic sustainability==
* [[Circular economy]]

==Source==
* [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/economic-sustainability Masterclass about Economic sustainability]

Economic sustainability

2023-02-16T09:39:41Z

Dian:

Economic sustainability is one of the three types of [[Main page | Sustainability]]
==Economis sustainability==
Economic sustainability is a broad set of decision-making principles and business practices aimed at achieving economic growth without engaging in the harmful environmental trade-offs that historically company growth. Ideally, sustainable developments create operational systems that consume natural capital (also known as natural resources) slowly enough that future generations can also use those resources. Sustainable practices can tackle the problem of humans' collective ecological footprint in several ways. They can focus on reducing the depletion of the natural environment or come at the issue from the other direction by finding ways to reduce waste, limit carbon emissions and utilize solar energy. The unifying principle behind economic sustainability is rejecting wasteful short-term processes and embracing the planet's long-term well-being.

==Why is economic sustainability important?==
# The longevity of the global economy: The worldwide reliance on unsustainable practices has a necessary date since the planet's natural resources are not infinite. Developing new processes and investing in different resources is essential for any commercial activity to continue for the long haul
# The preservation of human life

==Types of Economic sustainability==
* [[Circular economy]]

==Source==
* [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/economic-sustainability Masterclass about Economic sustainability]

Economic sustainability

2023-02-16T09:38:09Z

Dian:

Economic sustainability is a broad set of decision-making principles and business practices aimed at achieving economic growth without engaging in the harmful environmental trade-offs that historically company growth. Ideally, sustainable developments create operational systems that consume natural capital (also known as natural resources) slowly enough that future generations can also use those resources. Sustainable practices can tackle the problem of humans' collective ecological footprint in several ways. They can focus on reducing the depletion of the natural environment or come at the issue from the other direction by finding ways to reduce waste, limit carbon emissions and utilize solar energy. The unifying principle behind economic sustainability is rejecting wasteful short-term processes and embracing the planet's long-term well-being.

==Why is economic sustainability important?==
# The longevity of the global economy: The worldwide reliance on unsustainable practices has a necessary date since the planet's natural resources are not infinite. Developing new processes and investing in different resources is essential for any commercial activity to continue for the long haul
# The preservation of human life

==Types of Economic sustainability==
* [[Circular economy]]

==Source==
* [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/economic-sustainability Masterclass about Economic sustainability]

Cigarette as Litter

2023-02-15T15:30:30Z

Dian:

Cigarette as Litter

2023-02-15T15:16:33Z

Dian:

Cigarretes butts are a type of [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste| Litter]] that causes [[Land pollution]]

Cigarette as Litter

2023-02-15T15:16:14Z

Dian: Created page with "Cigarretes butts are a type of Land pollution: Litter and Waste that causes Land pollution"

Cigarretes butts are a type of [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste]] that causes [[Land pollution]]

Land pollution

2023-02-15T15:12:50Z

Dian:

Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction

2023-02-15T15:10:32Z

Dian:

Urbanisation and Construction are one of the four causes of [[Land pollution]]
==Urbanisation and Construction==
Large quantities of people living close together produce large amounts of trash and litter in dense areas and it inevitably leads to land pollution. Because of the growing population, there is more construction that contributes to a large number of waste materials. When these materials are not properly disposed of it contribute to land pollution.

Land pollution: Agriculture

2023-02-15T15:10:10Z

Dian: Created page with "Agriculture is one of the four causes of Land pollution ==Agriculture== Agriculture is foundational for both everyday lives as well as the economy as a whole. It also has a massive impact on the planet. Agricultural pollution occurs when contamination created as a by-product of raising livestock and growing food crops is released into the environment and the contamination is vast. Major contributors to agriculture-related land pollution are runoff from pesticides, he..."

Agriculture is one of the four causes of [[Land pollution]]
==Agriculture==
Agriculture is foundational for both everyday lives as well as the economy as a whole. It also has a massive impact on the planet. Agricultural pollution occurs when contamination created as a by-product of raising livestock and growing food crops is released into the environment and the contamination is vast. Major contributors to agriculture-related land pollution are runoff from pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and animal waste.

Land pollution: Mining and Extraction

2023-02-15T15:04:50Z

Dian:

Mining and Extraction are one of the four causes of [[Land pollution]]

==Mining and Extraction==
Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the ground. These minerals and other materials are used for a wide range of purposes including producing gasoline for automobiles, generating electricity and selling materials such as gold and silver for multiple purposes. The extraction depletes the earth of its natural resources and causes damage and land pollution. It also frequently damages the surrounding area's natural [[Ecosystems]], altering the landscape, Destroying natural habitats for wildlife and ultimately reducing biodiversity.

For example, coal mining uses acid mine drainage (AMD) to help extract coal from its surroundings. When the runoff of acid used in this method finds its way into local natural water supplies and sources, it has a chemical reaction with surrounding rocks and sand and creates sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is toxic not only to humans but to most other plants and wildlife as well. Other types of extraction such as drilling for oil, have also caused massive damage to local ecosystems when operations go wrong and are a massive contributor to [[Water pollution]].

Land pollution: Mining and Extraction

2023-02-15T15:04:33Z

Dian: Created page with "Mining and Extraction are one of the four causes of land pollution ==Mining and Extraction== Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the ground. These minerals and other materials are used for a wide range of purposes including producing gasoline for automobiles, generating electricity and selling materials such as gold and silver for multiple purposes. The extraction depletes the earth of its natural resources and causes damage and land..."

Mining and Extraction are one of the four causes of land pollution

==Mining and Extraction==
Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the ground. These minerals and other materials are used for a wide range of purposes including producing gasoline for automobiles, generating electricity and selling materials such as gold and silver for multiple purposes. The extraction depletes the earth of its natural resources and causes damage and land pollution. It also frequently damages the surrounding area's natural [[Ecosystems]], altering the landscape, Destroying natural habitats for wildlife and ultimately reducing biodiversity.

For example, coal mining uses acid mine drainage (AMD) to help extract coal from its surroundings. When the runoff of acid used in this method finds its way into local natural water supplies and sources, it has a chemical reaction with surrounding rocks and sand and creates sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is toxic not only to humans but to most other plants and wildlife as well. Other types of extraction such as drilling for oil, have also caused massive damage to local ecosystems when operations go wrong and are a massive contributor to [[Water pollution]].

Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction

2023-02-15T14:52:43Z

Dian: Created page with "Urbanisation and Construction are one of the four types of Land pollution ==Urbanisation and Construction== Large quantities of people living close together produce large amounts of trash and litter in dense areas and it inevitably leads to land pollution. Because of the growing population, there is more construction that contributes to a large number of waste materials. When these materials are not properly disposed of it contribute to land pollution."

Urbanisation and Construction are one of the four types of [[Land pollution]]
==Urbanisation and Construction==
Large quantities of people living close together produce large amounts of trash and litter in dense areas and it inevitably leads to land pollution. Because of the growing population, there is more construction that contributes to a large number of waste materials. When these materials are not properly disposed of it contribute to land pollution.

Land pollution: Litter and Waste

2023-02-15T14:47:15Z

Dian: /* Litter and Waste */

Litter and Waste are one of the four causes of [[Land pollution]]
==Litter and Waste==
Littering means the improper disposal of waste products and is unfortunately very common. Every [[Cigarette as Litter| Cigarette]] butt tossed on the ground or a [[Plastics]] food wrapper tossed out of a car contributes to a massive problem of litter and waste. Not all litter is intentional. A large part of the volume of litter also comes from unsecured items that fall of the back of a vehicle or out of a trash receptacle. Illegal dumping also contributes to land pollution. Oftentimes people will dump waste illegally in places such as gorests open field and ditches rather than approved dumping areas. Common types of illegally dumped wast include asbestos, waste, cars and waste that can be recycled or reused. Even if you throw you trash into the bin and it gets picked up by the garbage truck it journey does not end there. Trash typically goes to [[Landfills]] and when landfills are not managed properly, landfills also contribute to land pollution.

Land pollution: Litter and Waste

2023-02-15T14:46:11Z

Dian: Created page with "Litter and Waste are one of the four causes of Land pollution ==Litter and Waste== Littering means the improper disposal of waste products and is unfortunately very common. Every Cigarette butt tossed on the ground or a Plastic food wrapper tossed out of a car contributes to a massive problem of litter and waste. Not all litter is intentional. A large part of the volume of litter also comes from unsecured items that fall of the back of a..."

Litter and Waste are one of the four causes of [[Land pollution]]
==Litter and Waste==
Littering means the improper disposal of waste products and is unfortunately very common. Every [[Cigarette as Litter| Cigarette]] butt tossed on the ground or a [[Plastic]] food wrapper tossed out of a car contributes to a massive problem of litter and waste. Not all litter is intentional. A large part of the volume of litter also comes from unsecured items that fall of the back of a vehicle or out of a trash receptacle. Illegal dumping also contributes to land pollution. Oftentimes people will dump waste illegally in places such as gorests open field and ditches rather than approved dumping areas. Common types of illegally dumped wast include asbestos, waste, cars and waste that can be recycled or reused. Even if you throw you trash into the bin and it gets picked up by the garbage truck it journey does not end there. Trash typically goes to [[Landfills]] and when landfills are not managed properly, landfills also contribute to land pollution.

Land pollution

2023-02-15T14:16:53Z

Dian:

Land pollution

2023-02-15T14:02:57Z

Dian:

==Causes of Land pollution==
* [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste |Litter and waste]]
* [[Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction |Urbanisation and construction]]
* [[Land pollution: Mining and Extraction | Mining and extraction]]
* [[Land pollution: Agriculture | Agriculture]]

== Effects of Land pollution==
* Contamination of drinking water
* Polluted soil which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a reduction in the availability of food
* [[Climate change]], which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flash floods and irregular rainfalls
* The endangerment and extinction of species in wildlife
* Habitat destruction
* Habitat shifting: Animals are forced to flee
* Increase in wildfires because polluted areas are becoming very dry
* Increased air pollution due to burning waste
* Increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain and cause health issues
* Increased human health issues including cancer, respiratory illnesses and congenital disabilities caused by (over)exposure to harmful chemicals.

==
[[category:pollution]]
[[category:plastics]]

Land pollution

2023-02-15T14:01:15Z

Dian: /* Effects of Land pollution */

== What are the major types of land pollution? ==
*Agricultural Land Pollution
*Non-biodegradable Solid Waste
*Industrial Waste
*Deforestation
*Mining

==Causes of Land pollution==
* [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste |Litter and waste]]
* [[Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction |Urbanisation and construction]]
* [[Land pollution: Mining and Extraction | Mining and extraction]]
* [[Land pollution: Agriculture | Agriculture]]

== Effects of Land pollution==
* Contamination of drinking water
* Polluted soil which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a reduction in the availability of food
* [[Climate change]], which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flash floods and irregular rainfalls
* The endangerment and extinction of species in wildlife
* Habitat destruction
* Habitat shifting: Animals are forced to flee
* Increase in wildfires because polluted areas are becoming very dry
* Increased air pollution due to burning waste
* Increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain and cause health issues
* Increased human health issues including cancer, respiratory illnesses and congenital disabilities caused by (over)exposure to harmful chemicals.

==
[[category:pollution]]
[[category:plastics]]

Land pollution

2023-02-15T14:00:35Z

Dian: /* Causes of Land pollution */

== What are the major types of land pollution? ==
*Agricultural Land Pollution
*Non-biodegradable Solid Waste
*Industrial Waste
*Deforestation
*Mining

==Causes of Land pollution==
* [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste |Litter and waste]]
* [[Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction |Urbanisation and construction]]
* [[Land pollution: Mining and Extraction | Mining and extraction]]
* [[Land pollution: Agriculture | Agriculture]]

== Effects of Land pollution==
* Contamination of drinking water
* Polluted soil which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a reduction in the availability of food
* Climate change, which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flasf floods and irregular rainfalls
* The andagerment and extinction of species in wildlife
* Habitat destruction
* Habitat shifting: Animals are forced to flee
* Increase in wildfires because polluted areas are becoming very dry
* Increased air pollution due to burning waste
* Increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain and cause health issues
* Increased human health issues including cancer, respiratory illnesses and congenital disabilities caused by (over)exposure to harmful chemicals.

==
[[category:pollution]]
[[category:plastics]]

Land pollution

2023-02-15T14:00:22Z

Dian: /* What are the major types of land pollution? */

== What are the major types of land pollution? ==
*Agricultural Land Pollution
*Non-biodegradable Solid Waste
*Industrial Waste
*Deforestation
*Mining

==Causes of Land pollution==
* [[Land pollution: Litter and Waste |Litter and waste]]
* [[Land pollution: Urbanisation and Construction |Urbanisation and construction]]
* [[Land pollution: Mining and Extraction | Mining and extraction]
* [[Land pollution: Agriculture | Agriculture]]

== Effects of Land pollution==
* Contamination of drinking water
* Polluted soil which leads to a loss of fertile land for agriculture and a reduction in the availability of food
* Climate change, which causes an onslaught of disastrous problems, including flasf floods and irregular rainfalls
* The andagerment and extinction of species in wildlife
* Habitat destruction
* Habitat shifting: Animals are forced to flee
* Increase in wildfires because polluted areas are becoming very dry
* Increased air pollution due to burning waste
* Increased soil pollutants can enter the body through the food chain and cause health issues
* Increased human health issues including cancer, respiratory illnesses and congenital disabilities caused by (over)exposure to harmful chemicals.

==
[[category:pollution]]
[[category:plastics]]

Good for the Planet

2023-02-15T10:49:14Z

Dian: /* Environmental sustainability */

Doing good for the planet has many angles, each focussing on specific, sometimes overlapping elements.

== The Sustainability pillars==
Sustainable development is based on three fundamental pillars: environmental, social and economic.
** '''Environmental sustainability''', Environmental sustainability is the responsibility to conserve natural resources and protect global [[Ecosystems]] to support health and wellbeing, now and in the future.
** '''Social sustainability''', Social sustainability is about identifying and managing business impacts, both positive and negative, on people. The quality of a company's relationships and engagement with its stakeholders is critical.
** '''Economic sustainability''', Economic sustainability refers to practices that support long-term economic growth without negatively impacting social, environmental, and cultural aspects of the community.

=== Environmental sustainability ===
In simple terms, environmental sustainability is the practice of interacting with the planet responsibly. The survival of humanity and other species on the planet is threatened by the negative impact of irresponsible behaviour:
* [[Nature depletion]], Running out of natural resources will cause instability of the eco-system and finally extinction
* [[Pollution]], Risk to loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), health and living conditions
* [[Climate change|Climate crisis]], accelerated climate change caused by human activities resulting in rising minimum temperatures, rising sea levels, higher ocean temperatures and an increase in heavy precipitation (heavy rain and hail).

The total impact is defined as the environmental [[footprint]]. Footprint is the effect that a person, company, activity, etc. has on the environment, for example, the number of natural resources that they use and the number of harmful gases that they produce.

=== The circular economy ===
The circular economy can be an important instrument to tackle the current triple planetary crises on climate, biodiversity and pollution. By keeping resources in the loop for longer, we'll avoid emitting greenhouse gases caused by the energy needed to make products.

==== What is the circular economy? ====
=====In theorie =====
The circular economy is a systems solution framework that tackles global challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, waste, and pollution.

Th European Union produces more than 2,5 billion tonnes of waste every year. Making a shift to circulair economy would help for a lot of issues around climate change, biodiversity loss, waste and pollution. A circulair economy is a model of production and consumption that involves:
* Sharing
* Leasing
* Reusing
* Repairing
* Refurbishing
* Recycling

With using this model the life cycle of a product is extended.

===== In practice =====
In practice using the circulair economy implies reducing waste. When a product is at its end of its life cycle, the materials will be kept in the economy. Therefore the life cycle of a product is circular. Instead of cheap materials and product that are easily thrown away, materials that are more expensive and efficient to recycle, reuse, repair etc are becoming more expensive.

===== Why is it important to have a circulair economy =====
Their are multiple reasons why using a circulair economy instead of a linear economy is important. A few mentioned here.
* The suply of raw materials becomes smaller and our economy depends on the raw materials. Which means that if we do not have excess to raw materials our economy will collaps. Making our economy less dependend on these limited resources is very important to have a healthy economy. When we only use materials that can be recyled infinitly, whe do not need to extract new materials.
* The raw materials used for most of our product have a negative impact on our environment. As well as extracting as using these materials have a negative impact on our environment. For example petroleum based plastics are made from petroleum and or petroleum by products. The process of extracting and making these plastics has a very negative impact on the environment. Once the plastic is made and used the plastic still releases carbon dioxide when the plastic is degrading, melting or being recycled.
* With a circulair economy we have less pollution in the environment. Banding single used plastics results in less pollution in the environment. Once we have a full circulair economy, pollution should be minimized.

[[File:Circular-economy-Butterfly-Infographic.png|600px]]

== Another angle ==
If we want to survive as Human species we need a healthy, sustainable biosystem. We are not
Ecological overshoot occurs when human demand exceeds the regenerative capacity of a natural ecosystem. Global overshoot occurs when humanity demands more than what the biosphere can renew. In other words, humanity's [[footprint|Ecological Footprint]] exceeds what the planet can regenerate.

Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts and principles in farming. Agroecology promotes farming practices that; Mitigate climate change - reducing emissions, recycling resources and prioritizing local supply chains.

==Related==
*Goodness measurement frameworks like [[ESG]] and [[LCA]]
*Resource Conservation
*Agriculture and forestry
*Private households and consumption
*Environment and Economy

https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/data/environmental-indicators

==External links==
*[https://climatevisuals.org/ Climate Visuals Library]

Pollution

2023-02-15T10:47:14Z

Dian:

Pollution is one of the three threats to [[Environmental sustainability]]
== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called [[Pollutant| Pollutants]]. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

[[category:pollution]]

Nature depletion

2023-02-15T10:46:31Z

Dian:

Nature depletion is one of the three threats to [[Environmental sustainability]]. Nature depletion is the depletion of any source that is needed for life on earth. Including plant, animals, minerals and other things that humans as well as any other life on earth needs to survive. Only human kind is depleting these resources and it is affecting the whole planet with massive impacts. Nature depletion happens when the consumption of a source happens faster that it can be replenished. These Nature resources can be divided by renewable and non-renewable. Renewable are for instance plants and animals and non-renewable are for instance fossil fuels and metals.

== Causes of nature depletion==
* Hunting
* Deforestation
* Depleting aquifers
* Mining fossil fuels and minerals
* Soil erosion/degradation
* Excessive use of a resource
* Slash-and-burn agriculture

== Effects of nature depletion==
* Loss of [[Biodiversity]]
* Disrupting [[Ecosystems]]
* [[Water stress]]
* No [[Food| Food security]]

== What should be improved to reduce or stop resource depletion? ==
Resource efficiency means using the Earth's limited resources in a sustainable manner while minimizing impact on the environment. It allows us to create more with less and to deliver greater value with less input.

=== There are the ways resource efficiency can be accomplished? ===
*Material efficiency, focus areas:
** [[Eco-design]]
** [[Circularity]]
** [[Foodwaste]]
*[[Energy]] efficiency
*[[Water]] efficiency

== Type of Materials where resource efficiency can be reached? ==
* '''Material sources'''
** Plants used for materials like vegetables, fruits, flowers, wood, resin, latex are obtained from plants and trees.
** Animals used for materials like animal skins, meat, bones, raw milk, wool.
** Earth used for materials like minerals, metals, rocks, crude oil, coal, water.
* '''Raw materials'''
** Same or not the same as production materials, examples: Petroleum, Silk, Leather, ...
* '''Production Materials''' - components, subassemblies, parts, other supplies and any industrial services required for the manufacturing of Finished Goods and Shippers.
* '''Finished Goods''' - Finished goods are products that have completed all aspects of the production process, and which are being held for sale. A finished good can consist of one or more parts:
** '''Durable''': have a life span of over three(?) years and are used repeatedly over time. E.g. Fridge, TV, Bike, Chair, Phone, Brush.
** '''Disposable''': a product designed for a single use after which it is recycled or is disposed as solid waste. E.g. Wipes, Diapes, Toilet paper.
** '''Consumable''': Can be used only once, examples are food and detergents. E.g. Toothpaste, Soup, Detergent
** '''[[Packaging]]''': Used to transport use the durable, disposable or consumable. E.g. tube, bottle, carton
* '''Handling Units''' - used for shipping, storing and displaying other material types.
** Cases/cartons/trays /...
** Displays
** Dolly's & Pallets

Animal Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:41:43Z

Dian:

Animal social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social sustainability]]

== The three types of dimensions of animal social sustainability==
* Animal testing
* Animal labour
* Animal abuse

Animal Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:41:21Z

Dian: Created page with "Animal social sustainability is one of the three groups of Social Sustainability == The three types of dimensions of animal social sustainability== * Animal testing * Animal labour * Animal abuse"

Animal social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social Sustainability]]

== The three types of dimensions of animal social sustainability==
* Animal testing
* Animal labour
* Animal abuse

Health issues product

2023-02-15T10:38:47Z

Dian: Created page with "Health issues of a product are one of the two dimensions of Consumer Social Sustainability ==Types of health issues of consumer social sustainability== * Food allergen * Nutrient deficiency * GMO food * Processed food"

Health issues of a product are one of the two dimensions of [[Consumer Social Sustainability]]

==Types of health issues of consumer social sustainability==
* Food allergen
* Nutrient deficiency
* GMO food
* Processed food

Safety issues product

2023-02-15T10:37:10Z

Dian:

Safety issues of a product is one of the two dimensions of [[Consumer Social Sustainability]]

==Types of consumer safety issues of a product==
* Food safety

Safety issues product

2023-02-15T10:36:40Z

Dian: Created page with "Safety issues of a product is one of the two dimensions of Consumers Social Sustainability ==Types of consumer safety issues of a product== * Food safety"

Safety issues of a product is one of the two dimensions of [[Consumers Social Sustainability]]

==Types of consumer safety issues of a product==
* Food safety

Consumer Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:34:32Z

Dian: /* The two dimensions of consumer social sustainability */

Consumer Social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social sustainability]]

==The two dimensions of consumer social sustainability==
* [[Health issues product]]
* [[Safety issues product]]

Consumer Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:34:11Z

Dian: Created page with "Consumer Social sustainability is one of the three groups of Social sustainability ==The two dimensions of consumer social sustainability== * Health issues product * Safety issues product"

Consumer Social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social sustainability]]

==The two dimensions of consumer social sustainability==
* Health issues product
* Safety issues product

Workers Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:32:34Z

Dian:

Workers social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social sustainability]]

== Types of workers social sustainability dimensions==
* [[Health and Safety practices]]
* [[Equality, Diversion and Inclusion]]
* [[Fair labour practices ]]

Workers Social Sustainability

2023-02-15T10:32:13Z

Dian: Created page with "Workers social sustainability is one of the three groups of Social Sustainability == Types of workers social sustainability dimensions== * Health and Safety practices * Equality, Diversion and Inclusion * Fair labour practices "

Workers social sustainability is one of the three groups of [[Social Sustainability]]

== Types of workers social sustainability dimensions==
* [[Health and Safety practices]]
* [[Equality, Diversion and Inclusion]]
* [[Fair labour practices ]]

Social sustainability

2023-02-15T10:29:01Z

Dian:

Social sustainability is about identifying and managig bussiness impacts on people. Directly and indirectly companies affect what happens to employees, workers in the value chain, customers and local communities. Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes, systems, structures and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and livable communities. Socially sustainable communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and provide a good quality of life. Social sustainability is a process for creating sustainable successful places that promote wellbeing by understanding what people need from the places they live and work. The ability of a community to develop processes and structure which not only meet the needs of its current members but also support the ability of future generations to maintain a healthy community.

Social sustainability is often defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social sustainability matters for individuals and society and for organizations including business. For example employees, suppliers and partners who feel respected and safe are more loyal and productive.

The three social sustainability groups
* [[Workers Social Sustainability| Workers]]
* [[Consumer Social Sustainability| Consumers]]
* [[Animal Social Sustainability| Animals]]

Footprint

2023-02-15T10:19:33Z

Dian:

The impact of a person or community on the environment can be expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources to indicate how bad it is for the environment. This is called an Ecological footprint or environmental footprint. An environmental footprint takes into account the entirety of the supply and demand of goods and services for the planet. In doing so, it is assumed that the entire population follows a certain lifestyle characterized by a known person or a group of people

===Footprint calculators===
* https://www.footprintcalculator.org/home/en

[[Category:Circularity]]

Environmental sustainability

2023-02-15T10:18:01Z

Dian:

Environmental sustainability is one of the three types of [[Main Page |Sustainability]].

==What is Environmental sustainability==
Human wellbeing is cliesly linked to the health of the environment. The surcomstances that we need to survive is provides by the earth and nature such as: clean air, fresh water and places to live without toxins and with enough food and shelter. When nature gets disrupted, human wellbeing also gets disrupted. Evironmental sustainability is the responsibility to conserve natural resources and protect global ecosystems to support health and wellbeing for now and for the future and protecting nature.

== What are the threads to environmental sustainability==
There are three main things caused by humans that threaten environmental sustainability and they will be explained by causes and effect:
* [[Nature depletion]]
* [[Pollution]]
* [[Greenhouse gas emission]]

== Types of measures for environmental sustainability ==
* [[ESG]]
* [[LCA]]
* [[Footprint | Ecological Footprint]]

Economic sustainability

2023-02-15T10:13:32Z

Dian:

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:33:12Z

Dian:

POP

2023-02-15T09:32:43Z

Dian: Created page with "POP is a Pollutant that causes Pollution. ==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)== POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original..."

POP is a [[Pollutant]] that causes [[Pollution]].

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

PBT's

2023-02-15T09:31:31Z

Dian: Created page with "PBT is a type of Pollutant that causes Pollution ==PBT's== PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique clas..."

PBT is a type of [[Pollutant]] that causes [[Pollution]]

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

Persistence
Bioaccumulative
Toxic
There are some international treaties around PBT's:

The Stockholm Convention
The POP protocol
OSPAR Convention

Pollutant

2023-02-15T09:30:02Z

Dian:

A pollutants is a materials that cause [[Pollution]]. Pollutants contribute to three types of polluttions.

==What is a pollutant?==
A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or by-products from biodegradation).

Pollutants can be categorized in a variety of different ways. For example, it is sometimes useful to distinguish between stock pollutants and fund pollutants. Another way is to group them together according to more specific properties, such as organic, particulate, pharmaceutical, et cetera. The environment has some capacity to absorb many discharges without measurable harm, and this is called “assimilative capacity (or absorptive capacity); a pollutant actually causes pollution when the assimilative capacity is exceeded

==Specific types of pollutants==
* [[PBT's]]
* [[POP]]

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:28:12Z

Dian: /* What is pollution? */

== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called [[Pollutant| Pollutants]]. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

* Persistence

* Bioaccumulative

* Toxic

There are some international treaties around PBT's:
* The Stockholm Convention
* The POP protocol
* OSPAR Convention

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:27:43Z

Dian: /* What is pollution? */

== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment, resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called [[Pollutants]]. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

* Persistence

* Bioaccumulative

* Toxic

There are some international treaties around PBT's:
* The Stockholm Convention
* The POP protocol
* OSPAR Convention

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:26:44Z

Dian: /* What is a pollutant? */

== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment (also known as a [[Pollutant]], resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

* Persistence

* Bioaccumulative

* Toxic

There are some international treaties around PBT's:
* The Stockholm Convention
* The POP protocol
* OSPAR Convention

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:26:32Z

Dian:

== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment (also known as a [[Pollutant]], resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

== What is a pollutant? ==
A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or by-products from biodegradation).

Pollutants can be categorized in a variety of different ways. For example, it is sometimes useful to distinguish between stock pollutants and fund pollutants. Another way is to group them together according to more specific properties, such as organic, particulate, pharmaceutical, et cetera. The environment has some capacity to absorb many discharges without measurable harm, and this is called “assimilative capacity (or absorptive capacity); a pollutant actually causes pollution when the assimilative capacity is exceeded

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

* Persistence

* Bioaccumulative

* Toxic

There are some international treaties around PBT's:
* The Stockholm Convention
* The POP protocol
* OSPAR Convention

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:25:10Z

Dian:

Pollutant

2023-02-15T09:23:54Z

Dian: Created page with "A pollutants is a materials that cause Pollution ==What is a pollutant?== A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or by-products from biodegradation). Pollutants can be categorized in a variety of different ways. For exam..."

A pollutants is a materials that cause [[Pollution]]

==What is a pollutant?==
A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or by-products from biodegradation).

Pollutants can be categorized in a variety of different ways. For example, it is sometimes useful to distinguish between stock pollutants and fund pollutants. Another way is to group them together according to more specific properties, such as organic, particulate, pharmaceutical, et cetera. The environment has some capacity to absorb many discharges without measurable harm, and this is called “assimilative capacity (or absorptive capacity); a pollutant actually causes pollution when the assimilative capacity is exceeded

Pollution

2023-02-15T09:22:58Z

Dian: /* What is pollution? */

== What is pollution? ==
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment (also known as a [[Pollutant]], resulting in the loss of [[Biodiversity]] (loss of habitat), and having negative impact on health and living conditions. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as [[Litter-pollution|litter/trash]] or runoff produced by factories.

== What are the 4 types of pollution? ==
The major kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are:
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Land pollution|Land pollution]]

Modern society is also concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, radiation, light pollution, and [[plastics|plastic]] pollution.

== What is a pollutant? ==
A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or by-products from biodegradation).

Pollutants can be categorized in a variety of different ways. For example, it is sometimes useful to distinguish between stock pollutants and fund pollutants. Another way is to group them together according to more specific properties, such as organic, particulate, pharmaceutical, et cetera. The environment has some capacity to absorb many discharges without measurable harm, and this is called “assimilative capacity (or absorptive capacity); a pollutant actually causes pollution when the assimilative capacity is exceeded

==PBT's==
PBT's stand for Persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic substances. PBT's pollute or harm the environment. PBT's is a class with substances that have a high resistance to degradation, can accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and have high toxicity to the environment, human and animal health. The aim is to minimize the amount of PBT's in the environment as much as possible. PBT is a unique classification of substances that certainly will impact the environment and animal and human health.

The three main attributes explained:

* Persistence

* Bioaccumulative

* Toxic

There are some international treaties around PBT's:
* The Stockholm Convention
* The POP protocol
* OSPAR Convention

==Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)==
POPs are a set of toxic chemicals that are persistent in the environment and able to last for several years before breaking down (UNEP/GPA 2006a). POPs circulate globally and chemicals released in one part of the world can be deposited at far distances from their original source through a repeated process of evaporation and deposition. This makes it very hard to trace the original source of the chemical (http://web.worldbank.org/). POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings (http://www.unece.org/spot/s01.htm). In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels (http://web.worldbank.org/). As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals, and therefore are also at the highest risk from acute and chronic toxic effects.

“Dirty Dozen”. These is a group of 12 highly persistent and toxic chemicals which is called "the dirty dozen":
# Aldrin
# Chlordane
# DDT
# Dieldrin
# Endrin
# Heptachlor
# Hexachlorobenzen
# Mirex
# Polychlorinated biphenyls
# Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
# Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
# Toxaphen

Many of the [[Pesticides|pesticides]] in this group are no longer used for agricultural purposes but a few continue to be used in developing countries.

===What is the effect of POPs===
POPs are highly toxic and exposure can take place through diet, environmental exposure, or accidents. They negatively affect humans, plant and animal species and natural ecosystems both in close proximity and at significant distances away from the original source of discharge.

Exposure to POPs in humans can cause several negative health effects including:
*Death
*Cancers
*Allergies
*Hypersensitivity
*Developmental changes
*Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems
*Disruption of the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems
*Diabetes, A study published in 2006 suggests that an increased level of POP.s in human blood serum can be linked to Diabetes (Lee et al 2006).

[[category:pollution]]

Water pollution

2023-02-15T09:19:21Z

Dian: /* Cause of water pollution */

Water pollution is one of the three types of [[Pollution]]. Our seawater as well as our freshwater gets contaminated with different kinds of toxins and plastics. The quality of our drinking water gets threatened by the many pollutants and contaminations and this threatens our health and economy. Because we contaminate the rivers we also contaminate our sea resulting in a disruption of our ecosystems and contaminating our seafood.

=Cause of water pollution=
*[[Suspended Matter Water Pollution| Suspended Matter]]
* [[Oil Spillage Water Pollution| Oil Spillages]]
* [[Microbiological Pollution Water Pollution| Microbiological]]
* [[Chemical Water Pollution| Chemical]]
* [[Thermal Pollution| Thermal]]
* [[Oxygen-Depletion Pollution| Oxygen Depletion]]

====Types of water pollution location:====
* [[Groundwater Pollution]]
* [[Surface Water Pollution]]

=Effects=
* Diseases due to contaminated water
* Bad water quality
* Loss of [[Biodiversity]] due to toxins or entanglements, etc
* Contamination throughout the whole food chain.
* Lack of portable water
* Infant mortality

[[category:Pollution]]

Water pollution

2023-02-15T09:18:58Z

Dian:

Water pollution is one of the three types of [[Pollution]]. Our seawater as well as our freshwater gets contaminated with different kinds of toxins and plastics. The quality of our drinking water gets threatened by the many pollutants and contaminations and this threatens our health and economy. Because we contaminate the rivers we also contaminate our sea resulting in a disruption of our ecosystems and contaminating our seafood.

=Cause of water pollution=
*[[Suspended Matter Water Pollution| Suspended Matter]]
* [[Oil Spillage Water Pollution| Oil Spillages]]
* [[Microbiological Pollution Water Pollution| Microbiological]]
* [[Chemical Water Pollution| Chemical]]
* [[Thermal Pollution| Thermal]]
* [[Oxygen-Depletion Pollution| Oxygen Depletion]]

Types of water pollution location:
* [[Groundwater Pollution]]
* [[Surface Water Pollution]]

=Effects=
* Diseases due to contaminated water
* Bad water quality
* Loss of [[Biodiversity]] due to toxins or entanglements, etc
* Contamination throughout the whole food chain.
* Lack of portable water
* Infant mortality

[[category:Pollution]]